PHYSICAL BALANCE

 PHYSICAL BALANCE

            This instruments is used to measure the mass of a body. It consists of a horizontal beam resting at its middle point on central knife edge. From the two ends of beam two similar pans are suspended by knife edges. The horizontal beams rests on a vertical road when we rotate the screw knob then the rod rises up and the knife edges of the road lift the beam up from the base and it is set free to move. A long pointer is attached to the middle of the beam which is capable to swinging on a scale. This pointer is brought at the middle of the scale by means of two adjustment screws, provided at the ends of beam. The physical balance is leveled on a table by means of leveling screws.

                                The body to be weighed is usually placed on the left pane while the weights are placed on the right pan. The beam    is set free by turning the screw knob. The pointer moves toward the side of smaller mass which us adjusted at middle by adding or removing the weight.

Albert Einstein

 Albert Einstein 

Albert Einstein 

Born: fourteen March 1879 

Died: eighteen April 1955 

He was a German theoretical scientist.

He developed the idea of relativity theory that is one pillar of trendy physics. 

He is best celebrated to the overall public for his mass relation E = mc2,. 

He awarded the award in Physics in 1921 on the discovery of the law of the photoelectrical impact.

He was the son of a salesperson United Nations agency later operated Associate in Nursing chemistry plant.

Albert Einstein received unearned doctor's degree degrees in science, drugs and philosophy from several European and yankee universities

FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

The physical quantities are fixed for measurement and they are expressed individually during measurement.

FUNDAMENTAL UNITS

The units used to express fundamental quantities are called fundamental units. 

i.e

Unit of length is meter (m)

Unit of mass is kilogram.

Unit of time is second.

There are seven Physical Quantities.

No.	Fundamental Quantity	UNIT	SYMBOL
1	Length	meter	m
2	Mass	kilogram	kg
3	Time	second	s
4	Amount of substance	mole	mol
5	Thermodynamic Temperature	kelvin	K
6	Electric current	ampere	A
7	Luminous intensity	candela	cd

Important Note: This information is  beneficial for HSC SSC and other students.

DR. ABDUL SALAM

 DR. ABDUL SALAM

Dr. Abdul Salam was in 1926 in Jhang (Punjab). He always got distinction in his exams. He was awarded a scholarship for higher studies in the United Kingdom. His Contributions are as under:

He Proposed Grand unification theory (GUT). He combined two basic forces, that is the weak nuclear force is solved in a single mathematics equation. 

He established International center of Theoretical physics, at Trieste, Italy. There are scientists who came from developing countries and are given opportunities to increase their research work with elites of physics.

He got Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 along with two other scientists for his work on grand unification theory.

Important Note: This information is  beneficial for HSC SSC and other students.

DR. ABDUL QADEER KHAN

DR. ABDUL QADEER KHAN

Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan

              Dr. AQ Khan was born in 1936 in Bhopal in city if India. He Got his M.Sc. degree in metallurgy from the university of in Holland. 

He selected as research assistant in the same university(HOLLAND). He got a PhD degree from the University of Leaven, Belgium. His contributions are given as under:

 He worked as an expert at Urenco enrichment plant in Holland.

 It was all due to his efforts that Pakistan became a nuclear state.

He managed the setup to build the atomic bomb.

He trained the scientists in the nuclear field.

He served as the director of Kahuta Nuclear research laboratories, which is now called A.Q. Khan research laboratories.

He made Pakistan strong by and strategies in his work.

Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan is a true Patriotic Person. He came to Pakistan to serve his country. The government of Pakistan has awarded him Hilal-I-Imtiaz for his services to the country.

Important Note: This information is  beneficial for HSC SSC and other students.

Particles Found to Travel Faster Than Speed of Light

 Particles Found to Travel Faster Than Speed of Light

Neutrinos called ghostly subatomic particles,  may have been observed traveling faster than the speed of light. 

An Italian experiment has give evidence that nutrinos which are called fundamental particles can travel faster than light. The experiment is called OPERA (Oscillation Project with Emulsion_tRacking Apparatus) and lies 1400 m underground in the Gran Sasso National Lab in Italy. It is designed to study a beam of neutrinos coming from CERN, Europe's premier high-energy physics laboratory located 730 km away near Geneva, Switzerland. Neutrinos are fundamental particles that are electrically neutral, rarely interact with other matter, and have a negligible small mass. But they are all around us, the sun produces so many neutrinos as a result  of nuclear reactions that many billions pass through your eye every second.